We Must Reduce Class Sizes and Improve Teaching Methods Essay -- Class

County spicy schools current employment of education is to prepare students with the knowledge they need to be ready for the workforce. To fulfill their purpose they place a minimum of 30 students, if not more, in each class with still one teacher. I, as a junior at County High school, believe that to improve the education for the long term benefit of students the number of classes should be reduced and the customary teaching methods should be improved.Class sizes are overly large and need to be reduced. For example, currently, there are 36 students enrolled in my English class, including myself. I have no problem of any kind with the otherwise students. My problem is that there are so many students in that class that as a result, only some get feedback from the teacher. It is unfair that the teacher only has time to talk to some. If the class sizes are reduced the teacher will have the opportunity to talk one on one with the students, helping them exceed their academic strugg les. In a class of 40, not all students are sentient of what the teacher is teaching them. Some sit in the back of the classroom like brainless zombies and waste their time day dreaming or doing something else. It is not obvious whether each student participates or not. There are so many that students hardly pick out with the class. But in a class of 20, it is obvious if a student does not participate. Students are forced to be sentient and engage in whats going on. In both classes there are students who are conscious. The only major difference is that in a little class all students are conscious rather than only some.If the classes are reduced each student will get an equal opportunity to engage in the education that will get them into the workforce. Jam... ...le of the Cave. Republic. (Harmondsworth Penguin, 1974.) pg.240-48. Print. James Baldwin, A Talk To Teachers, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Be dford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. James Baldwin, A Talk To Teachers, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St.Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. IBID Horace Mann, A Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 150-152. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Education, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 103-108.

A Comparison of Love in Beloved and Secrets and Lies Essay -- Movie Fi

The Absence of Love in Be adored and Secrets and Lies Love is arguably the most tendinous emotion possessed by mankind it is the impalpable bond that allows individuals to connect and understand one another. Pure love is directly related to divinity. Without love, happiness and successfulness become unreachable goals. An individual that possesses all the desired superficial objects in the world stands alone without the presence of love. For centuries love has been marveled by all that dare observe it. Countless books and poems have been transcribed to explain the phenomenon of love, but love surpasses all intellectual explanations and discussions. Love is not a definition, but rather a thought, an judgement. This idea, the idea of love, burns inside us all. Instinctually, every soul on Earth is addicted to love. An addiction, that unless satisfied will contribute to the downfall of an individual in a society. If one does not, or is not loved, one jackpot not prosper among a soci ety where love is an essential ingredient to joy and happiness. Love produces goodly relationships that in return produce healthy and secure environments for all its participants. Love allows the connection of two people it is love that completes an individual. In Toni Morrisons Beloved, and the motion picture Secrets and Lies, fractional characters are illustrated and analyzed. The incompleteness of these characters is a result of the absence of love. In the text of Beloved and Secrets and Lies, Sethe and Cynthia are characters whose roles portray the rueful outcome of an individual that is incompetent of possessing love in its purist form. Sethe or Cynthia can not correctly express love because neither of them were loved as children. Only ... ...duce her own brother. Cynthia is self-evidently terribly impact by the paucity of love in her life. Morris later explains his sister as a victim of someone who didnt receive any love. (Secrets and Lies) Love is the despotic factor i n the lives of every individual, and as portrayed in the novel Beloved and the film Secrets and Lies love is not always pleasant. Characters from both texts find themselves incapable of expressing love, and therefore destroy several potential healthy relationships. Overall love can be considered divine just as easily as it can be considered evil. Sometimes the idea of love is lost somewhere, and those who can not manage to find an alternative source of emotion, must endure the pain and harm of a loveless life. Bibliography Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York Penguin Group, 1987. Secrets and Lies

Michael Faraday :: essays research papers

Michael Faraday is a British physicist and chemist, best known for his discoveries of electromagnetic consequence and of the laws of electrolysis. He was born in 1791 to a poor family in London, Michael Faraday was extremely curious, questioning everything. He felt an urgent need to know more. At sequence 13, he became an errand boy for a bookbinding shop in London. He read every book that he bound, and decided that one day he would economize a book of his own. He became interested in the concept of energy, specifically force. Because of his early reading and experiments with the idea of force, he was able to make important discoveries in electricity later in life. He eventually became a chemist and physicist.     Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation that is a free burning circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire. Ten years later, in 1831, he began his great series of experiments in which he discov ered electromagnetic generality. These experiments form the basis of modern electromagnetic technology.     In 1831, using his "induction ring", Faraday made one of his greatest discoveries - electromagnetic induction the "induction" or generation of electricity in a wire by means of the electromagnetic effect of a current in some other wire. The induction ring was the first electric transformer. In a second series of experiments in September he discovered magneto-electric induction the production of a steady electric current. To do this, Faraday attached two wires through a sliding contact to a copper disc. By rotating the disc between the poles of a horseshoe magnet he obtained a continuous direct current. This was the first generator. From his experiments came devices that led to the modern electric motor, generator and transformer.     Faraday continued his electrical experiments. In 1832, he proved that the electricity i nduced from a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity was all the same. He also did significant sound in electrochemistry, stating the First and Second Laws of Electrolysis. This laid the basis for electrochemistry, another great modern industry.      The research that established Faraday as the foremost experimental scientist of his day was, however, in the electron orbits of electricity and magnetism. In 1821 he plotted the magnetic field around a conductor carrying an electric current the existence of the magnetic field had first been observed by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1819.

The Quiet American Essay -- Films Movies Vietnam War Essays

The Quiet AmericanThe film The Quiet American takes place during the 1950s in Vietnam. The movie illustrates the atmosphere of Vietnam previous to the Vietnam state of war and during the French occupation of the country. The main plot of the movie revolves around three characters Fowler played by Michael Caine, Pyle played by Brendan Fraiser, and Phoung played by Do Thi Hai Yen. For the period of the movie the three main characters are involved in a semi esteem triangle. This triangle and the emotions that the male characters feel towards Phoung begin to characterize the fashion they feel about the country of Vietnam itself. Vietnam becomes feminized, taboo, and sexualized just as Phoung does in Pyle and Fowlers eyes. The manner in which Fowler and Pyle struggle over Phoung represents the approach that Britain and America employed in their fight to deliver Vietnam from communism. Pyles intentions toward Phoung, although similar in some cases to Fowlers, differ greatly at th e same time. Both men view Phoung as a sort of object that needs to be saved or requires some sort of assistance in order to endure life. When Pyle falls in love with Phoung upon their first meeting, he decides that he must do whatever he can or whatever he deems necessary in order to save Phoung from a lowly existence. This is the exact same way that Pyle views Vietnam and its present condition. He wants to rescue Vietnam from what he believes to be unadulterated evil communism. Pyle does this in a...

The Reality of Instant Messaging :: Internet Communication IM Chat Essays

The Reality of Instant Messaging Instant messaging, also referred to as IM or Buddy Lists, is a program or communication service that lets you communicate with roughone else using the same program at the same time (YouCanWorkFromAnywhere.com). It is a means of chatting where people send from each one other short messages electronic whollyy. It can be looked at as something between e-mail or a phone call an e-mail allows you the time to hypothesise things out before you type, and a phone call which is an immediate conversation that is going on right now, which are both characteristics of IM. As great as this concept does sound, there is much more to instant messaging, which can be looked at as harmful or beneficial to those using it. What are some of the good things about instant messaging? It is an easy, fast and direct way of communicating. It operates at a much quicker pace than that of e-mail, which has to wait on ever-living writing and replying. It is also a good way for people to communicate with their friends, family and teachers, or for college students to catch up with people from back home or at other schools. It is free, and free is much cheaper than paying long distance bills. A more specific beneficial matter related to instant messaging is how people, specially teenagers, use this program to express feelings that they would not express otherwise, mainly because there is a comfort and distance associated with this form of communication. According to a study conducted by a professor at Cornell University, Jeffrey autograph, we fib less frequently when were online than when were talking in person (The Honesty Virus, The New York Times, March 21, 2004). Hancock asked 30 of his undergraduates to record all of their communications of any form for one week, including all of the lies that they told. When he tallied the results, he found that students had mishandled the truth in about one-quarter of all face-to-face c onversations, and in a whopping 37 percent of phone calls. But when they went into cyberspace, they turned into Boy Scouts only 1 in 5 instant-messaging chats contained a lie, and barely 14 percent of e-mail messages were dishonest.

The Reality of Instant Messaging :: Internet Communication IM Chat Essays

The Reality of Instant Messaging Instant messaging, also referred to as IM or Buddy Lists, is a program or talk service that lets you communicate with someone else using the same program at the same time (YouCanWorkFromAnywhere.com). It is a means of chatting where people send each early(a) short messages electronically. It can be looked at as something between e-mail or a phone call an e-mail allows you the time to think things knocked out(p) before you type, and a phone call which is an immediate conversation that is going on right now, which are both characteristics of IM. As great as this archetype does sound, there is much more to instant messaging, which can be looked at as harmful or beneficial to those using it. What are some of the great things about instant messaging? It is an easy, fast and direct way of communicating. It operates at a much quicker pace than that of e-mail, which has to wait on endless paper and replying. It is also a go od way for people to communicate with their friends, family and teachers, or for college students to catch up with people from back home or at new(prenominal) schools. It is free, and free is much cheaper than paying long distance bills. A more specific beneficial matter related to instant messaging is how people, especially teenagers, engagement this program to express feelings that they would not express otherwise, mainly because there is a comfort and distance associated with this form of communication. According to a study conducted by a professor at Cornell University, Jeffrey Hancock, we fib less frequently when were online than when were talking in person (The Honesty Virus, The New York Times, March 21, 2004). Hancock asked 30 of his undergraduates to record all of their communications of any form for one week, including all of the lies that they told. When he tallied the results, he found that students had mishandled the truth in about one-quarter of all personal con versations, and in a whopping 37 percent of phone calls. But when they went into cyberspace, they turned into Boy Scouts only 1 in 5 instant-messaging chats contained a lie, and moreover 14 percent of e-mail messages were dishonest.

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Executive Summary The internet giant of search locomotive engine Google, always rated for the Best Workplace, Best Employer in the recent ten years. Why? Except the professional technology, Googles great and unique corporate finishing made so. The feature of Googles corporate culture is equality, free and human oriented.The company provide the most luxury and comfortable work environment to its employee, supercharge them relax more, play hard and work hard. From Googles case, more and more companies realized the perks and benefits for the employee are no longer only medical, insurance, overtime pay, free coffee tree and two weeks holidays. In Google, nobody need to punch the clock, you provoke work in your own time zone.If you dont want to take out your pet in the working time, bring it in your office, you can stay with it in every minute. You dont need bring the lunch incase to the company, because it has free breakfast, lunch and dinner every day. Vast kinds of facilities are well-established. Like the professional massagist, the gym, the massage chair, the bicycle, the dry clean laundry, the slides, the electronic scooter, the oil change, and so on.Everything seems great, just now if the employee has other demand, they can speak to the founder or CEO directly, maybe the request would be excessive or crazy, but if it is feasible, Google leave satisfy employee in every possible way. The open policy reflects the equality in Google. Every employee can see the boss and co-workers work plan and schedule. Google think this way can let all employees get the information about companys program progress and developing direction, make them feel they are trusted and will be one of the groups always.

Merger and Acquisition †Proposal Essay

Chapter -I Introduction Merger, corporate combination of two or more independent business corporations into a single enterprise, usually the absorption of one or more firms by a dominant one. A uniting may be accomplished by one firm purchasing the others assets with cash or its securities or by purchasing the others sh bes or stock or by issuing its stock to the other firms stockholders in ex transmute for their shares in the acquired firm (thus acquiring the other companys assets and liabilities). In a merger, institutions combine to form another different institution, which becomes a legal entity in its own right and therefore mergers are not instant consequences, they are processes .A merger cannot be considered as truly successful unless it also achieves employee merriment.This is vital to an organization as a whole. Employee mirth is very important and necessary in order to gauge the success of the company. Employee satisfaction reflects the degree to which individuals need s and desire are met and the extent to which this is perceived by other employees. Employee satisfaction is generally perceived as the scope of the work and all the positive attitudes regarding the work environment. In this, there are several words which have been tell the impact of merger in staff- Traumatic Disruptive Distressing Painful Uncertainty Loss in commitment Dampening on work indigence Shock Anger Disbelief Depression Anxiety Disappointment Disillusionment WithdrawalThus Mergers have become a key part of numerous corporate growth strategies, with diversification being the primary reason for merging. Banks seek to diversify in order to reduce risks and increase returns, and geographic diversification, that is expanding operations into nine-fold locations, is used to obtain greater market power. Banks merge with other commits that have branch locations in multiple states in order to reach a big customer base. The anticipated benefits are less competition and increased profits for the resultant bank. The corporate diversification strategy has led to an increase in bank Merger.The mainly purpose to conduct this study on merger and acquisition of banks and its effect on employee task satisfaction because there has been seen a big change in shape of merger activities after the big financial crises that effects the whole world business strategies in different mode so many employees getting unused. Every segment of work or business and individuals of the nation is affected by the financial crisis due to the cycle of collecting deposits and lending silver chain broken.Peoples do not have the power to save the money in the banks because of less profitability and more expenses that reduced the profitability of the banks too and let them to merge and acquisition themselves with another well-established bank that bear their costs and their existence too. During merger and acquisition activities lots of employees victimize in different term s. They suffer from the stiffed arrange of their job. Most of the employees job satisfaction level goes ultimate down as they think they pass on be getting fired or jobless as new anxiety would be come up with new teams of professionals and new procedure of working conditions in this way their morale level affected. story of the Problem Whether the banks are public or private the main thing is the success of their business and that depends upon its employees. If the employees are not satisfied from their job, working conditions, work culture, worry they can never make the customers satisfied with better quality services. The purpose of this research is to know the effects of Merger on employee satisfaction. Recently, Machhapuchhre Bank Limited unite with Standard Finance and Himchuli Bikas Bank merged with Birgunj Finance, I believe that these institutions are perfect to understand the effects of merger on employees satisfaction.Identified Problems* To what extent does change i mpact on employee movement? * How satisfied are employees of these two banks with their current working environment? * What are the factors that affect employee satisfaction level during a merger phase?Research Objective Based on the above identified problems, the goals of this study are * To identify factors that affect employee satisfaction during a merger phase. * To measure the satisfaction level of employee after merger of bank. * To establish the extent to which employees are satisfied with their current working conditions.Chapter II Literature Review A number of researchers and theorists have been paying attention to know the satisfaction level of employee after merger of bank and institution. Many higher and further education institutions in South Africa are struggling to survive in a context of financial stringency, declining student enrolments and increasing competition, therefore for some of these institutions merging with other institutions in the near future is becoming a strong likelihood (Hay, Fourie & Hay, 2001100).In an attempt to survive, institutions are reducing costs by cutting down on the number of faculties, redeploying staff and placing a moratorium on overtime pay, conference attendance, new appointments and new capital projects (Bott, quoted by Hay, Fourie & Hay, 2001100). Hay, Fourie and Hay (2001100) state that perceptions of employees who will be right away affected by the merging process seem to be very important, as knowledge and understanding of those perceptions will empower decision makers and ensure that utile management of the merging process can be accomplished therefore careful consideration needs to be given to particularly personal factors, and employee fears will have to be addressed in the process to ensure effective merging.According to Smit & Cronje (1995307) when an organisation employs people, it is the managers task to diagnose the needs of its employees and reflect strategies to promote personal goal progress . If workers are able to achieve their personal goals in the work situation, they will be prepared to render outputs that lead to the attainment of the organisations goal therefore it follows that if the individuals outputs are satisfactory, the organisation will reward him and this, in turn, will satisfy him. Strydom (2005) (as quoted in the marrow squash for Quality Management journal, S.a.), states that the level of satisfaction that a staff member feels will directly affect his work performance and attitudes, impacting on the companys success.Strydom (2005) believes that an organisations primary objective is to determine the needs of its employees and the ways in which these can be satisfied, therefore research emphasizes the importance of the role that employee satisfaction plays in the success of an organisation. Strydom (2005) further states that organisations need to provide good recruitment strategies and induction processes, strong leadership, personal development opportu nities, a positive work environment, credit of a job well done and good communication to ensure that employees needs are met. Phillips Consulting (2005) points out that tackling issues such as employee challenges, motivation, career advancement, performance management and cultural issues are key to the success of any transformation exercise. The employee drives the process and strategy, not the other way round.Researchers have attributed the less than stellar record of M&A outcomes, in part, to how the integration of the participating firms affected the employees of the acquired company (Range, 2006 Schreyogg, 2006 Van Dick, Wagner, & Lemmer, 2004). Furthermore, research has shown that M&As can be a traumatic event in the lives of the individuals and organizations involved in the change. Many employees experience feelings of loss, resentment, and a decline in job satisfaction, and their reactions can lead to the failure of the M&A (Appelbaum et al., 2007 Cartwright & Schoenberg, 200 6 Sperduto, 2007).Appelbaum et al. reason that such human resources (HR) difficulties may add costs to the integration process and undermine the ability of a firm to achieve synergy, and thereby offset the awaited(predicate) benefits of merging. Hunt and Downing (2006) concluded that, in the majority of successful mergers, the purchasers predicted that personnel problems would arise and acted quickly when such problems surfaced. Thus, understanding the job facets that lead to positive job satisfaction may help other business leaders deploy strategies that could increase their chances for achieving successful mergers.

“Heroic Journey” in “Secret life of the Bees” Essay

The classic tale of the belligerents travel can be accepted in almost perpetu anyyy situation. It is non sole(prenominal) app bent through daily life and historical events, unless in this circumstance, a fictional novel, as well. As an epic voyage, it can be recognized in the vast majority of books throughout the course of history. One specific example where it is c arefully and intricately exhibited is in work on Monk Kidds novel, The conundrum Life of Bees, in which a young womans search for acceptance and the truth becomes a heart-warming chronicle. Through the obstacles and people she meets, Lily is able to mother the trials and self- make fulling incidents that are required in the heros journey she partakes in.In the offset look of the monomyth, the call to adventure, Lily has had a life, up to this point, of pain and suffering for she has grown up with the implication that she shot her mother. Additionally, her father, T. Ray constantly abused her by making her work for him while ignoring her real existence. Lily was thoroughly deprived of her childhood, as well as her innocence, for her fathers complete indignation towards her only compounded the situation. She begins to realize that in order for her to break free of the oppressive life she has and realize her potential, she moldiness leave, in search of the answer to the necessitateion that has always haunted her who was her mother, and what really happened to her?Lily Melissa Owens, your jar is openIn a matter of seconds I knew simply what to do- leave (Kidd 41). Lily knows T. Ray is an abusive father, and that she provide never be able to ascertain who she or her mother is without making her journey. This is represented by the archetype of quest for self, ultimately Lilys main mission throughout the book, through exploration of the Jungian collective unconscious of her mother, she consequently finds the answers she is looking for.In the second bill of the monomyth, the refusal of the call, Lily is on the precipice of departure and abandonment of T. Ray, when she momentarily hesitates. This is the man who made the first 14 years of her life a hellish torture, and yet she is reluctant to break off from him. And stood a moment in the center of the room, wondering if Id ever see it again. Goodbye, I said, and there was a tiny sprig of gloom pushing up from myheart (Kidd 42). Implicitly, she knows that a part of her will die when she leaves his foretoken, for she will be crossing over the threshold between oppression and self- determination and reliance.She recognizes that her total life is contained in that house, and when she leaves, she is abandoning non only her father, just also the life she once had. Lily knows she probably will never see her home again, and thus she is sad with the conflict this represents. This is epitomized by the archetype of the innocent child. While she tries to depart and subsequently make a decision for herself, the weight of t hat choice becomes apparent to Lily. She is merely a child ill equipped for such conclusions and her hesitation allows us to witness the child-like purity that lies within. It is the innocence that makes her long for the mom she never had.In the third step of the monomyth, supernatural aid, Lily walks down the street out-of-door from her home with peachy uncertainty and no prospects, for she has no idea where to go, who to go with, and how to express there. However, everything changes for Lily when she quickly devises a strategy to break Rosaleen out of jail and a plan for a destination. When her mother died, all she had left of her was a box full of memorabilia and proposes, one of which had the name of a townsfolk written on the back. Taking this as supernatural sign from above, she bases an important life decision from the back of this picture. Suddenly I stood even so. Tiburon, South Carolina. Of course. The town was written on the back of the Black bloody shame Picture ( Kidd 43).Henceforth, Lily had a sensory faculty of direction in her quest to find her mother, something to put hope in, that she was ever closer to reuniting with her, in Tiburon. Hope is Lilys only real reason to keep pressing forward. This part of the monomyth is represented by the archetype of the fairy godmother or the guardian angel. bloody shame is a perpetual messenger of god, a virtuous woman who represents the very ideals of power, struggle, despair, perseverance, and courage. Mary is considered a religious figure, a woman who sacrificed everything to god. Lily sees the picture of the Black Mary as a sign from heaven that she needs to go to Tiburon, where she will find what she is looking for. Lily puts her trust in god, as the saturated Mary aids her on her quest of self- achievement The Mary picture gives her the courage to go to Tiburon in search of her mothers past.Lily and Rosaleens heroic journey takes its first major leap when they escape their old life of hardship and pain, by hitching a ride to Tiburon. This escape represents the crossing of the first threshold that every hero must experience in order to proceed toward their final goal. In this case, Lilys ultimate intention is to understand and come to terms with her lost mother. Lily and Rosaleen get help crossing the first threshold from an old farmer. It pointed left, toward a road curving away into silvery darkness. Climbing out of the truck, Rosaleen asked if we could go for one of his cantaloupes for supper. get through yourself dickens, he said (Kidd 50). The generous farmer represents the universal archetype of helping animals. Although he does not actually help any animals, he is arguably, a farmer, and he does help and feed Lily and Rosaleen, who are symbolic for animals. Hitching a ride with a simple farmer only signaled the mere beginning of Lilys heroic journey, with lots more to come.The belly of the whale is when Lily realizes that she is mentally prepared to start her jo urney. A lot of folks wont buy it cause its got the saturated Mary pictured as a colored women, plainly see, thats cause the women who makes the honey is colored herself (Kidd 64). Lily sees the picture of a colored Virgin Mary as her mother had and intuitively knows that her mother had once been there. There is no turning back later this, no room for cowardice, only courage, because now she has to fulfill her goal and know her history as it converges with her mothers.The picture of the Virgin Mary exemplifies the Fairy Godmother archetype because it appeared when Lily needed both a sign and steering. This is a great example of how the Virgin Mary helps out Lily, and there are many times later that her assistance helps Lily endure with grace. With the help of the virgin Mary Lily is ready to take this journey, she feels god is on her side, and that the Mary picture is ultimately a sign that causes Lily to go to revered, where the fruition of Lilys journey comes to pass. afterw ards Lily has started her journey and been in the belly of the whale, a series of tests and trials engage her. Lilys first test was more of a psychological trial in nature, for it was when she had to first confront thehouse that potentially contained the intimacy she wanted about her mother. Rosaleen, who represents her mentor and guide, accompanied Lily, just like Athena helps and prays for Odysseus in the Odyssey. When they first arrive on the doorstep, Rosaleen prays for both of them, I knocked on the door while she muttered a slew of words under her breath Give me strength Baby Jesus Lost our feeble minds (Kidd 68). Lily and Rosaleen must endure this trial in order to discover the answers to the many questions. The simple fact is that they had no ides what was behind that door, and were willing to put blind fate into the detainment of strangers. This is a trial of Lilys will and trust in other people.Lilys second trial emerges when she initially understands Mays reaction to em otional pain. The sisters are sharing a little about themselves with Lily and Rosaleen when the topic of their sister who died comes up. She cried like Aprils death had happened only this second (Kidd 73). Lily finally realizes through this trial that others experience hardships just like she has. May, in this situation, represents the innocent child. She cries like she is just a little girl. When Lily perceives this, it changes the way she looks at things, especially her own problems and even her ultimate goal, knowledge of her mother. We can see this as a deciding factor for Lily in determining her place in the farm. Up until that point Lily did not understand May, but now Lily knows where she comes from, Lily knows and begins to understand Mays pain. And by focusing outward Lily is able to understand and grow inwardly.Lilys last trial in her ragged life is psychological beings it happens during one of Lilys first major confrontations with noble. In Augusts story of Beatrix, the nun, August uses this symbol to relate to Lilys life and give her guidance, After a while she wished she could return to the convent, but she knew theyd never take her back (Kidd 91). This is explaining the story of the brave female nun who followed the class of god and save other along the way. Beatrix is a female inspiration to August as a model for courage and perseverance.August, who is speaking in this quote, embodies Lilys mothers archetype, because she provides direction when her daughter, symbolized by Lily, is confused or in trouble. Lily realizes thebasis of Augusts beliefs, and the power of women in religion. She realizes that women are strong, and that as a woman she must strive to fulfill the role of strong leader. This trial is a true factor in deciding how Lily will shape her life, and how she will continue on from there.The temptation away from the true path in this book can quite obviously be recognized as Zach, for he encourages Lily to think things she has never thought before. Unintentionally, their birth diverts her attention from learning about what has happened to her mother, to trying to figure out what is going to happen between her and Zach. When Lily is driving with Zach and has a daydream that completely distracts her, I imagined us building a snow cave, sleeping with our bodies twined together to get warm, our arms and legs like black-and-white braids. This last thought shocked my system so rotten I shivered (Kidd 124). In this sense, Zach is a male version of the archetypical temptress. However, as in both Star Wars and The Matrix, Lily is not completely distracted from her main objective for she still is able to discover Deborahs history. Exhibiting the extent to which she was tempted by the thought of being with Zach, Lily became afraid of the extent of her love for him.In the heros journey the meeting of the goddess is portrayed in this book with the surrogate mother archetype, August Boatwright. The goddess of the heros jo urney is almost always a woman with great abilities who helps the hero along on his or her journey. This is evident in August, who personifies the surrogate mother archetype exceptionally well, helping Lily in every way that a mother usually would. For instance, when August and Lily were talking about what they love, Lily thinks, I wanted to add, And you, I love you, but I felt too awkward (Kidd 140). This illustrates that after only a few weeks she feels love for this surrogate mother she has acquired through August Boatwright. Lily realizes that August is her mother. That by showing compassion for Deborah she is connecting with her old mother Deborah. Lily has embraced August as her new guiding figure in her life.The ultimate boon in Lilys journey is when she sees the sign of her mother, in her dream, that lets Lily know that Deborah actually love her, and didntwant just to abandon her . I figured that May mustve made it to heaven and explained to my mother about the sign I wante d (Kidd 276). August gives Lily a picture that showed exactly what she wanted all along. This picture was an exact representation her birth mother in the true idea of her being a mother figure. After being disappointed knowing that her mother left her, Lily now feels love by her mother, even though she may have not been there for her. This is her ultimate boon and even more importantly, the climax of the novel. Seeing this picture gives Lily the strength and courage to move on with her life. Lily forgives her mother for her one monstrous mistake, because she has learned many things about her that mean so more than more.Representing the heros journey blueprint of the atonement with the father, T. Ray finally finds and reconciles with Lily. This is a very obvious theme for it happens both psychologically and physically. Despite that T. Ray had come to force Lily to return home with him, she was able to apologize for leaving him and, less obviously, he apologized too. He is caught up in an angry rage as he thinks his daughter is really his dead wife who he loved very much even though she ran away from himThis was most apparent when Lily says, DaddyIm-Im sorry I left like I did (Kidd 295). Clearly, she was able to forgive T. Ray for all he had done to her, and in return he was able to leave without her and still be okay. The stable and tolerable level that Lily establishes with her father represents a pinnacle of acceptance that relieves her from the constant weight of his unhappiness. No longer must she be the feeble scapegoat of his anger and resent he feels to Deborah Owens, Lilys mother.When Lily refuses to return, she finally stands up to her father for what she desires. Responding to T. Ray harsh statement requesting Lilys return she says, noIm staying here, I said. Im not leaving (Kidd 296). Rather than his needs, Lily finally addresses what she desires. While upsetting T. Ray, it is the best for both of them. She never had a normal or loving life and n ow she has both with her new family. T. Ray does not want to be reminded of his wife, and without Lily, he is much more able to move on.This clearly exhibits her refusal of the return and T. Ray as the villain archetype. T. Ray never came close to being a father to Lily he has always been thevillain to her. Henceforth, with the knowledge that she has received about her father, she is able to see him in a new light. Lily now identifies that he must have loved her mother so intensely that when she left him, he was distraught and has never really forgiven her. Transferring his angry feelings about his wife to his treatment of his daughter, T. Ray tries to manage his endure and rage. With this awareness, Lily is able to move on, let go of her resentment, forgive him and carry on with her own life.The rescue from without in Lilys journey also occurred when the many different types of women in her life stood up for her. The front door opened, and Queenie, Violet, Lunelle, and Mabelee stu mbled into the house, all wound up and looking like they had their clothes on backward (Kidd 297). Lily received their help when they created a physical presence of protection, for she could not control her father before they got there. wholly four different types women were they for Lily when she needed them, without asking questions or concern about danger.They cared so deeply for her that they dropped everything to ensure she was safe with her father. While these significant women may not actually have been her mother, they collectively represent the mother figure archetype, through providing comfort, direction, and guidance whenever it is needed. She has never had women like them in her life, and now without them, she would not be able to live.After successfully completing the rescue from without, Lily must achieve the overwhelming crossing of the return threshold. This essential step has a greater influence than expected on Lily herself. By passing over to her intangible victo ry, Lily Owens learns more of the people she will learn to call family. When T. Ray attempts to bring his daughter back to Sylvan, August stands her ground in a valiant support of Lilys decision to inhabit at the calendar sisters house and terminate her previous livelihood situation. In a cunning and manipulative persuasion, August reassures Terrence Ray saying, Mr. Owens, you would be doing Lily and the rest of us a favor by leaving her hereWe love Lily, and well take care of her. I promise you that (Kidd 298).This guarantee by August was the guiding path for Lily to actually cross the return threshold described in the heros journey. She, Lily, is victorious in doing so because she no longer has to live with herfather, or the villain archetype of the novel. Ironically, by crossing the return threshold Lily physically goes nowhere. It is more of a life decision that an actual change of surroundings. By choosing not to go back to her hometown with T. Ray, Lily is able to complete t his step within her heroic voyage and continue onto becoming the master of two worlds.The interpretation of the master of the two worlds can be comprehended in multiple ways. In this case, Lily becomes the master of both the living and the dead. She does this through the connection she creates with Becca, Claytons daughter, and her deceased mother. Referring to her moms special remembrances, Lily confirms that, One day I will let her pick them upThe feeling that they are holy objects is already starting to wear (Kidd 301). When Lily includes Becca to division her mothers personal belongings displays that Lily has created a place where the old or dead aspect of her can interact with the new or living part of her internal spirit through the experiences Lily has. This can be represented by the double archetype. Lily is balancing her physical and mental lives. She constantly thinks of Deborah, and wants to make emends with her, but on the other hand she is also searching for her mother in a physical manifestation. She is looking to August to be her new mother, but still never forget the mother had. In this since she is the master of two worlds, and two mothers.In the completion of the heros journey, Lily must learn to live with exacting freedom. In order to do this she must obtain a certain mentality because her freedom relies solely on her positive outlook and the release of the burdens that have limited her for so long. The stable and tolerable level that Lily establishes with her father represents a height of acceptance that relieves her from the constant weight of his unhappiness. No longer must she be the feeble scapegoat of his anger and resent he feels to Deborah Owens, Lilys mother. For the entirety of her adolescence Lily has been unconsciously and consciously foraging for a mother figure to fulfill the endure she carries deep inside her heart, and to complete her long and hardened journey. For a child to comprehend that the responsibility of their par ental figures death is their own burden, is frightfully determining to the character herself.In this position Lily cannot fathom that her main cause of suffering, the lack of a mother, is her accountability. However, the rock of burdens is liftedwith her sign that she receives from her mother. In reference to the Daughters, Lily thinks to herself, All these mothers. I have more mothers than any eight girls off the street. They are the moons shinning over me (Kidd 302). More than happy to give her all the love and care, the Daughters complete the freed sense to live for Lily. By obtaining the picture of the angelic mother and smiling child, her mother and her, Lily is able to sense that she is liberated from the sentence she has been serving for over fourteen years. horrific for the guidance and support of a mother, Lily turns to the Daughters of Mary to fill the absent persona.Exemplified in this chronicle quest the Heros Journey is evident in Sue Monk Kidds novel, The Secret Life of Bees. Lily, the adolescent protagonist of this novel, travels in search of self-fulfillment and accomplishes the requirements if the heros journey, The heros journey helped Lily to grow not only in expierences but also mentally. Kidd specifically developed Lily as a persona and the novel to parallel the psychological expedition of the standard hero, This angle and outlook of the journey allows the indorser to connect and relate to the character, because we see so many examples of heros in our everyday society. The Secret Life of Bees is highly unusual because the majority of heros stories have extreme motive with are unfathomable to the average person.Works CitedKidd, Sue Monk. The Secret Life of Bees. Boston Penguin (Non-Classics), 2003.

The Importance of Diversity in Communication Today

The world we live in is a world composed of unremitting transfers and differences among multitude. History would tell us how far the age of humanity has stretchedfrom the period of cave men, to the age of land explorations, to Renaissance, up to the age of industrialization, and now, the period of globalization. Still, there ar available tools and ways to settle each difference among people. One of the most useful and most effective ways to do this is through communication.Communication helps greatly in the filling of gaps among people who have differences in views, culture, and contexts (Sproule, p. 13). Its diverse nature has proven to be playing a major role in the past. For example, during the time of the primeval cave men, communication was done non-verbally. It indicates the simplicity of life during the said period. It was very different during the Industrialization Age when former(a) tools for communication were invented. The appearance of telephones and early computers do a great match in the area of communication. These changes suggest that communication adapts with time and the needs of the people during that time.In this current period though, what is the role and importance of regeneration in communication in a globalized world? Diversity among cultures is one thing that plays a major role in communication directly. With the differences in their views, tradition, and religion, people from different cultures often clash with each other. In communication, it should be noted that cultural diversity is one of the crucial and important aspects we should consider when communicating (Bove, p. 26). For example, today that we are in the world of capitalism, business communication plays a vital role for the success of companies and industries.When dealing with business partners and businessmen from a different function and culture, it is important that we knows how to communicate with them with background and knowledge of their culture (Schirato, p . 87). For example, the Japanese are known to be patient and values formality when dealing with their businesses as compared to other Western ones who are more direct, straightforward, and informal. Diversity in the products of technology also gives an impact to communication nowadays. Because of the invention of the Internet, written, verbal, and non- verbal communication are no long-dated limited. DuPont, p. 66). Written communication now changes from the way it used to be.For example, mails today no longer require long days or hours of waiting to be received. instant messaging, just as chat and e-mails, are rampant today and helps in the fast sending and receiving of messages. The ways on how to communicate verbally also change with the use of the Internet. Before verbal exchange of messages can only happen personally. But now, video conferencing, wherein two people could talk to each other regular if they are in two different location, is possible.Major changes in the area of non- verbal communication are also taking place. Other products of technological advancements add to the rank of diversity communication has. The diversity in the products of technology helps communication to be faster, powerful, and effective. Although there are negative issues regarding online communication, we could not still hide the big impact technology has made to change the way we communicate. In addition, cultural diversity for others is a barrier for effective communication. However, the diversity helps in for further understanding and development of the people.

Health policy, law and ethics Essay

For the purpose of this assignment I result look at the level-headed and honorable aspects heterogeneous in the following scenario and this will be dealed. I will take into consideration both the deontological and consequentialism theory. Laws relevant to this scenario will be looked at. ScenarioTo maintain confidentiality the name of the affected role has been changed. The persevering D is 60 years old male who had kidney cancer he had been admitted to the hospital for further treatment. On the following investigation the diligent had been diagnosed with the last stages of cancer which meant it had spread into the surrounding tissue. Prognoses were poor, palliative was to be offered. The family had requested that the patient should non be informed therefore, D was not aware about his current condition. The patient could not understand why medical module only made him comfortable and were not taking a different snuggle to his treatment. Consequently, he disoriented fait h in the staff and his will to live and refused everything that was split upn to him. The nurses made a decision to inform him of his terminal illness, believing this to be in his outmatch interest. He understood the situation and expressed a wish to grumble at home. Legal aspectsThe situation that the nurses faced in this scenario was uncomfortable for both the patient and the health care professionals. The nurses had a dilemma of legal and ethical aspects on one hand, and patients legal rights on other hand. In both tidings of ethical issues in medicine, legal aspects may arise. Both of them set standards of conduct, where constabulary often shows a kind of minimal ethical societal consensus (Emanuel et.al. 1999, p2). The study of law expresses a process of legal thinking and applying legal doctrine to the real-life situation in the healthcare setting (Flight and Meacham 2011). A deontology comes from the Greek term deon, meaning work (Jones and Beck 1996). White and Baldw in (2004) state, deontological is fundamental in medicine as it means do no harm and act in the patients best interest (p.54). Using deontology approach in this encase, healthcare providers were following the rule Act in the patients best interest. The problem that occurred in this situation is that it was difficult for the healthcare professionals as from a legal point of view thepatient had a right to know the truth if he wish.The NHS Constitution (2013) states, that a patient has the right to be involved in discussions and decisions about his the health and care, including end of life care, and they be given information to enable the patient to do this (p.9). Healthcare professionals were acting according to the Hippocratic Oath and following a set of rules, which are established as a framework of the NHS. One of the rules states, that nurses must safeguard and promote interests of individual patients and thickening ( tremble and Cribb 2007, p.16). Medical professionals must al ways act in the best interest of the patient. However, difficulty may be experienced in certain situations as the margin between legal issues and ethics is narrow. The beta professional concept of nursing is accountability for their actions to deliver appropriate care for their patients. This accountability is applicable in the legal context and important professionally, it is based on knowledge and understanding.Therefore, legally it is closely related to negligence and duty of care (Young 1995). In this scenario the nurses felt that they were acting as an advocate for the patient by following the rules. Montgomery (1995), state that accountability, responsibility and duty of care are closely linked. Irrespective of professional standing responsibilities, healthcare staff are still accountable, with regard to duty of care within the expectation of their job (Fletcher and Buka 1999). In this case, the patients anxiety could have been amend if he had been fully informed of the sev erity of his medical condition. This would then enable him to understand and accept this news, and would not lead the further complications in his psychological condition. Kravitz and Melnikow (2001) designate that patients participation in the decision making process about their care is necessary.Analysing this situation I felt that patient D had a lack of familiarity. A patient should be fully informed about the diagnosis, and consent should be obtained for the treatment proposed otherwise the autonomous being would be do by (Fletcher et al 1995). The importance of patient shore leave came from Nuremberg Trials codes of ethics, which was established in 1948 and stated that The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential (Washington 1949 p.181). The autonomy of D was disregarded by his family as they believed it would not be beneficial for him to know the truth. However, D had the capacity to make autonomousdecisions, such as whether or not he wanted to recei ve information about his current condition.Ethical aspectsThe issue that medical staff came across was to respect patients autonomy that had been breached in the draw situation. Pearson et al (2005) states that patients are individuals, they have the right to be involved in making the decision process about themselves and their future. This belief refers to patient autonomy which is defined as freedom of making decisions within their limits of competency. Being unaware of his medical condition patient D had been deprived of his autonomy. Hendrick (2004) described autonomy as the ability to think about their lives and act accordingly to a chosen set of rules. Respecting autonomy means treating a person as an individual, involving him in discussion about his planned treatment, allowing him make his own decision. This is an essential part of any document of patients rights. OConnell et al (2010) states that there are some ethical principles in nursing which include two important eleme nts such as beneficence and non-maleficence.Both of them have significant implications for nurses. Hendrick (2000) supporting this view states that, in healthcare settings beneficence appears to be a straight forward term, and means to do good. In this situation there had arisen a massive ethical dilemma, and to discern the right approach to do good was not very easy for nurses. From one side, we had the patient who was not suitable for any medical treatment, as he was terminally ill but still had the right for palliative care, hence staff had to comply with all ethical principles. One of them was beneficence, as it seemed beneficial in the beginning not to tell the patient the truth about his condition, according to his family wishes. The family believed that patient Ds unawareness of reality would help him cope with his state-of-the-art illness. However, nurses whose responsibility it was to protect the patient from psychological stress and follow another ethical principle, whic h is non-maleficence. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) state that, the principle of non-maleficence dictates an obligation not to harm.Both beneficence and non-maleficence were described in the Hippocratic Oath as I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgement, and Iwill do no harm or injustice to them (Greek medicine 2010). The patient Ds reaction to the atmosphere surrounding him determined the medical staff to change the original approach to his care and give him the correct information about his prognosis. Respect should be shown to the patient a simple obligation to give him a realistic picture of his condition. The patient had a right to know the truth, as he was approaching the end of his life. He might need to discuss some questions with his family and carers in order to arrange his affairs (Nicoll 1997). Basford and Slevin (1999) state, the principles of autonomy and justice as, are vital in healthcare practice and are dominant in many arguments within medical and nursing ethics. Consequently, there is a conflict between the patients right to know and the carers duty of care. Honesty is an important part of any relationship. Jeffrey (2006) suggests that communication would become meaningless if there was no overriding moral obligation to be truthful (p. 64).ConclusionIn any ethical dilemma healthcare staff should follow the government polices according to the Code of Conduct. As they are responsible for peoples health and have an honour to fabricate the National Healthcare Service, therefore, they cannot take any situation emotionally and personally. The healthcare professionals attitude to clinical judgement seemed to have increased during the last decade. Considering this, healthcare staff were taking into account new views of recognition of patient rights, to make an autonomous choice. The patient D had an opportunity for choice and made a decision to die at home. The argument in this situation was that all medical professionals should be telling the truth whether or not the patients family agreed. In this case I believe the medical staff were acting professionally and the patient received the attention he required in time, and there were no dec afterwards.ReferencesBasford and Slevin (1999) Theory and practice of Nursing Cheltenham UK Beauchamp and Childress (2009) Principles of biomedical ethics (6th edition) New York US Emanuel L, von Gunten C and Ferris F (1999). The Education for Physicians on End-of-life Care (EPEC) curriculum US Fletcher N, check off J,Brazier M and Harris J (1995) Ethics, Law and nursing Manchester UK Flight M and Meacham M (2011) Law, Liability, and Ethics for Medical Office Professionals Delmar (5th edition) US Greek Medicine (2010) Hippocratic Oath translated by North M Online at https//www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html Accessed on 21/03/14 Hendrick J (2000) Law and ethics in nursing and healthcare Cheltenham UK Hendrick J (20 04) Ethics and Law Cheltenham UK Jones R and Beck S (1996) Decision making in nursing Delmar US Kour N and Rauff A (1992) Informed patient consent-historical perspective and a clinicians view Singapore Med 33(1) 446 Kravitz R and Melnikow J (2001) Engaging patients in medical decision making. British Medical Journal 323 584-585. Nicoll L (1997) Perspectives on Nursing Theory New York US OConnell S, Bare B, Hinkle J, and Cheeveret K (2010) Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing (12th edition) Philadelphia US Pearson A, Vaughan B, Vaughan B, FitzGerald M and Washington D (1949) Trials of state of war Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law 10 (2) 181-182 Online at http//history.nih.gov/research/downloads/nuremberg.pdf Accessed on 11/03/2014 The NHS Constitution (2013) Online at http//www.nhs.uk/choiceintheNHS/Rightsandpledges/NHSConstitution/Documents/2013/the-nhs-constitution-for-england-2013.pdf accessed on 10/03/2014 Tingle J and Cribb A (2007) Nu rsing law and Ethics (3rd edition) Oxford UK White S and Baldwin T (2004) Legal and Ethical aspects of Anaesthesia critical care and perioperative medicine. Cambridge UK BibliographyGeorge J. Annas Edward R and Michael A. Grodin (1992) The national socialist Doctors and the Nuremberg Code Human Rights in Human . Oxford US Morrison E (2010) Ethics in Health Administration A Practical Approach for Decision Makers (2nd edition) capital of the United Kingdom UK

Boy Cry

In his telling novel, Real Boys, William S. Pollack spends much of the work making a strong social commentary on virtu every last(predicate)y of the issues and problems associated with growing up. For the write, growing up is slightlything that has gotten to a greater extent and more difficult over the years and certain problems mustiness be handled by society. The appropriate succinctly discusses the various roles that educators, parents, friends, and society plays in raising a child to be a man. It discusses what can be d iodin on both an individual level and a agnatic level, while charactering how children respond to different motivations from the outside.The impressiveness of raising these important social questions is bested only by this books ability to resolving those questions. The most important aspect of young male development to the informant is the context in which a son is raised. By this, it means that a boy in North America has a hard time coming to a firm un derstanding of both who he is and who he is supposed to become. The book talks at length about the many codes by which a boy is required to live in the United States. Instead of macrocosm adapted to find himself within the context of his flavor, a boy must adhere to a double set of social standards.In addition to adhering to new age principles, boys must do their best to uphold the long standing male tradition of being tough and being manly. As Pollack shows with his real life examples, this type of pressure does not allow a boy to realize the proper context. This is important because it eventually stunts development and, according to the author, can lead to some(prenominal) very serious consequences. Among those are drug use, violence, learning disabilities, and psychological disorders. The author makes the point to state some solutions for these problems, instead of focusing solely on the problems.That is one of the important and interesting aspects of the book. One of the sol utions has to do with a likely source in a boys development. agree to the author, parents live with to play a pivotal role in a childs development if that child is going to become a success in society. This is where the idea of parental gatekeeping comes into play. Parents must not only do what they can to raise a child financially and physically, but they must also make a shipment to raising the childs psyche. This does not mean that parents are always supposed to be the childs biggest fan, nor are they to be his biggest detractor.In order for a boy to eventually grow into a man, the parents have to be something of a middle man in this. They must let enough good in to encourage the boy in his development, while keeping him grounded enough to stay on the right track. This is a slippery slope, but one that parents must rate down if they want to raise a boy properly. Another neat thing in the book is that the author takes the time to not only address widespread developmental issue s in regards to boys, but also to address specific problems that stand in the way in todays society.Among those are some touchy topics that most parents and all schools have trouble call foring with. Though it homo power seem like a small thing on the surface, the author makes sure to mention that one of the biggest developmental problems facing boys in American society is friendlessness. Though it is not something that affects all children, it has an impact on a monumental number of individuals. As such, there are lots of boys who grow up through elementary and middle school without k at presenting what it is like to have a friend.This affects boys in a couple of different ways. For one, they struggle with confidence issues as all of the individuals around them thrive. In addition, they miss out on learning some of the important things that go along with friendship. They do not learn how to handle their emotions or work with other human beings to figure out interpersonal proble ms. These things might seem minor to some, but to the author, they are huge stumbling blocks that society has failed to take down. In the book, the author does not speak in pure generalities.Though he makes some(prenominal) general points that can be applied to boys across the board, his primary objective is to identify specific problems that have specific solutions. When addressing the problems of boys, he spends a great deal of time and energy breaking down the problems that exist in schools when it comes to development of boys. Above all of the other parties responsible for raising boys to be men, he feels that schools have the great influence and thus, are doing the worst job at this point. In the book, he mentions some specific ways that parents must feel that their kids are being wronged.In his book, Pollack makes mention of some of the questions that parents must ask when he writes (1999), Do the schools teachers and administrators know about the boy code? Do they understand the mask? Are they sympathetic to boys? Does the school teach subject matters and use classroom materials that interest my boy? (p. 231). The author goes on to discuss that the answer to these questions is, all too often, no. The author places a significant amount of focus on the job that teachers and administrators are doing within the schools.In addition to not being closely equipped to handle the emotional rigors that boys go through during their developmental years, schools are having a hard time zeroing in on the academic problems that boys are facing. The author specifically mentions the subjects of reading and writing as weak areas for boys, and goes on to talk about how school administrators are not doing enough to catch these problems and work to reform them. Because schools are not noticing academic issues at the beginning, boys are being allowed to struggle their way through school.This is one of the primary reasons why boys struggle on the outside of school. With the ir self-esteem shot and their confidence destroyed by problems within school, they are forced to then face their own development in a world that is becoming tougher and tougher on people their age. Fundamental problems, according to the author, are causing even great consequences on the outside of schools. All in all, the book is an brilliant commentary on the many problems that young men face in a changing world. Getting from boyhood to manhood used to be easy, but now it is more of a challenge.Unfortunately, the world has not accommodated for the extra challenge, so boys are expected to handle their issues with the greatest of ease and the greatest of strength. That, in effect, is the message of the book. According to Pollack, parents, teachers, school administrators, and society at large is failing the young male population in North America. Until more is done to correct the problem, more and more young boys will find drugs, violence, and a handful of other issues to fill their plate in lieu of their overriding issues. References Pollack, W. (1999). Real Boys Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood. Owl Books.

Ha Jin †The Bridegroom Essay

Described as utopian in nature, the Chinese culture is often in pursuit for the perfect individual, a harmonious and incorporated society where the citizens as a total crap the ideal culture. In a collection of succinct stories en call The Bridegroom, author Ha Jin documents this aspect of reality in homeland China. Primarily for the purposes of instruction and satiric verse, Ha Jin, salutes how people atomic number 18 trying to find themselves in a society that focuses on the whole of the country rather than the individual.He is able to interconnect this theme of individualization through four-spot study stories in the book while presenting Chineseness or satire of fictional verse as a panache to focus on the changes throughout China and the political discourse that its citizens face. In the short bosh Alive, Ha Jin depicts individualisation, or the loss thereof and its impact on a Chinese family. Headed to Taifu City to collect bullion at a coalmine, main character To ng Guhan develops amnesia after an earthquake devastated the comm unity and impaired the memory board of its citizens.Since the government felt that all people must work to waste ones timeher for the betterment of the community, people standardised Guhan were lastingnessd to re-marry, adopt an orphan, and start a new life sentence. For the Chinese government, this was a unique opportunity to create a new movement and since this was an emergency measure, love wasnt taken into account so longsighted as the couple didnt dislike each other, a marriage certificate was issued to them (29). Although as epoch progresses, Guhan happens to pass by the smell of dumplings and in a flash, instantly remembers his past life.At that point, he decides to return to Muji City where he encounters his original family. What ass only be considered as satire, Ha Jin structures this allegory around wit in his literary style of writing. Who would conceive that the smell of dumplings could suddenly f orce an individual to remember the past? The amnesia and the governments reaction to the aftermath of the earthquake show the loss of individualism. Furthermore, the dumplings echo Ha Jins desire to structure the tarradiddle around unconventional circumstances and assert a sence of identity to Guhans character.The Chinese government was organized and treasured to do what they thought was right for the state as a whole. Unfortunately for Guhan, he was loosing his identity and individualism for the greater good of China. Abnormal behavior is never more apparent than in the story titled In the Kindergarten. When Shaona becomes the second child of her household, she is forced to live outside the city limits in a farming(prenominal) foster home. It is my assumption that Ha Jin is referring to the second child as a male since they are severely praised in the Chinese Culture.The story depicts how children at a young age do whatever they urgency to do, inherit bad language and often mis behave. Social complaisance and propaganda have yet to be ingrained, as quoted when Weilan, another student in the kindergarten is caught saying Big asshole (47) to another student, who in reply says, verbalize that again, bitch He went up to her, grabbed her shoulders, pushed her to the ground, and kicked her buttocks (47). Compared to Alive, this story focuses on the Chinese attempt to secure conformity for all of its citizens.In my opinion, the Kindergarten story is what Chinese life is like prior to the all the samets in the short story Alive. It shows the purity of children at an early age and how social norms are not necessarily inherited they are learned. Main characters Beina and Haung Baowen join hands in matrimony as a marriage of convenience in the story, Bridegroom. Ha Jin uncovers the truth behind homoeroticity in China and the need for Baowen to become protected downstairs the guise of marriage to Beina. To the Chinese society, Homosexuality originated in western capitalism and Bourgeois lifestyle.According to our law, its dealt with as a kind of hooliganism (96). In this story, Baowen was caught in a club called Mens World that was a type of salon that only admitted men. He was subsequently arrested and sent to a psychogenic hospital to cure his supposed illness instead of serving a jail sentence. While in the mental hospital, Ha Jin structures the story around Baowens accounts of electro-shock therapy as a way to stop transgender acts and maintain harmony and uniformity amongst the Chinese citizens.Ha Jin is specific about the torture when he mentions how Baowen was noiseless in the electrified water, with his eyes shut and his head resting on a black rubber pad at the end of the tub. He looked fine, rather relaxed Then the nurse gave him more electricity (106). Unfortunately, Haung repeated the crime of homosexual acts and was subsequently sent to prison. Ha Jin uses this brutal story to show how the government intends to mold its citi zens into a family unit or community. For the government, there is an image, or structure in which an individual is to conform to so that the community as a whole is structured.The irony is that there is no real mention or word for individualism although it is apparent that the oppressive social values that Ha Jin illustrates through the story of Baowen, shows how a government can undermine a persons happiness and individualistic nature. In the story, Women from New York, Chin Jinli goes to the States to seek a better life for her family. Unfortunately, her trip back to China is faced with the harsh realities of life under Communist China and their perception of American culture believing that Wall Street was pave with gold bricks (173).Jinlis family does not take well to her New York trip since she obtained money and wanted to get her teaching job back. To them, She looked like a different woman, wearing a gold necklace, her lips rouged, her eyelashes blackened with ink, and even h er toenails dyed red In a way, her makeup and manners verified the hearsay that she had become the ordinal concubine of a wealthy Chinese man in New York City (172). Fearing that she had disrupted the fallible balance of harmony, the Chinese government refused her job. Her family shunned her and at every attempt to be become re-acclimated, Jinlis family looked at her as an outsider.Ultimately, Jinli found herself as an individual, counter to the Chinese, who were so encapsulated in a one-person, one-idea state. It is without notice that Ha Jin interconnects the four stories with fictional accounts of individualism and the struggle the Chinese people have gone through to maintain it, or even imagine it. Form the stores of Guhans dumplings, to the accounts of Baowens troubled battle of homosexuality, Ha Jin identifies the characters, shares their life story and defines a commonality all through the use of satire.

Angels and Demons †Dan Brown Essay

The novel, Angels And Demons by Dan Brown, is a story of when a world renowned scientist was found butally murdered and a proffessor named Robert Langdon is summoned to identify the mysterious symbol scared into his chest. His conclusion is it was the work of the Illuminati, a secret brotherhood presumed dead for nearly four hundred years and is now reborn to continue their fight againgst their sworn enemy, the Catholic Church.One of the themes in the obtain seems to be that science and religion are two sides of the same story. The give-and-take talks about God who created good and evil, warmth and coldness etc. It is not clear whether the book tells us that science proves God, or that science is God, or if the author is just trying to create knock over and propose a different point of view on religion. In another book by Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code, he shows that he is open for new theories on Christianity.The greatest example of fealty is from the Camerlengo, who although wa s misguided, acts because he believes that he is doing Gods will. The camerlengo masterminds the whole situation, from the antimatter in the Vatican to poisoning the Pope to the deaths of the four cardinals. He believes that if people think the Illuminati has reemerged and is threatening the church, they will return to their faith to the Catholic Church. He truly believes that everything he does has been for the good of the church and that he has been chosen to lead people back to religion and faith. This kind of devotion and determination is also shown in the movie, Remember The Titans, as Coach Boone is determined to unite the races as he believes that the ongoing hatred between the different ethnic groups should stop.

Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge Approach

Occurence at car horn Creek Bridge Approach Ambrose Bierce, the author of the lilliputian account An item At snout Creek Bridge used his own life experiences to create successful and expressive writing. The time stop in which Bierce lived had a significant influence on his writing. Bierces experiences fighting the front lines in the well-mannered war ar brought out in his writings and short stories. The historic time intent, in which Bierce dictated the circumstance of Owl Creek Bridge, is very significant and creates a successful historic approach.Bierce tells An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge in the third person point of view. In crouch the lecturer has limited knowledge and understanding of situations taking place. Bierces third person point of view, diachronic setting, and theme of death, brands An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge as a successful short story. The third person point of view affects the story in a number of ways. One since the endorsers knowledge is lim ited it is difficult to fully understand what the main character Peyton Farquhars is experiencing and the reasons nooky his hanging.Bierce is the only person who knows how Peyton Farquhar thinks feels. Two, since he does not let the reader into the minds of the characters a sense of mystery is created. By the end of the story, Bierce seems both reliable and unreliable, he reveals that Farquhar is dead, but we also know that he imagined an escape. By introducing the reader to two different scenarios, Peyton being hung, and Peyton escaping into his wifes arms, Bierce creates confusion for the reader. This third person approach enables Bierces story come to life and creates an interesting perspective.Bierces use of setting and historic time period in, An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge, enables this story to be viewed time and time again. The obliging War relates back to our American roots, it is a piece of history that every American has learned close and is the reason why America i s known as the Land of the Free. Incorporating American History into the setting of this story allows An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge to be passed on from one contemporaries to the next. Peyton Farquhar, the main character, is a southern farmer who is pro- slavery and a Confederate during the 1800s (200).Peyton got caught in his undertake to destroy Owl Creek Bridge in order stop Union soldiers from reaching his family and cultivated land (200). This action is led to the reason behind his hanging. Bierces use of historic time period creates a successful, and relatable story for all readers. Death, the dreaded thought, Bierce plays into the human instinct to fight or contrivance death. Peytons resourcefulness comes into play when he does not want to accept the fact that he is going to die. Even though he is standing there, seconds away from being hung, Peyton imagines himself escaping.The story itself centers on an alternate reality that Farquhar creates in his mind, mend hes really hanging, with no heartbeat, just activity in his brain. The idea is that Farquhar creates an escape in his mind, seconds before he is real dead. Bierce utilizes denial as an essential element in the story, by exploring the human desire to cheat death, and escape fate. Peyton Farquhar tries to do so by examining any get away in his mind, before actually doing anything. By showing that even though, he escaped in his mind, Bierce demonstrates that death is unavoidable no event what one does to escape it.Though death is not unexpected for Farquhar, he is ultimately unable to accept it. As he pushes open the gate and passes up the wide walk, he sees a flutter of female garments his wife, tone fresh and cool and sweet, steps down from the veranda to meet him. At the bottom of the steps she stands waiting, with a smile of ineffable joy, an attitude of matchless grace and dignityAs he is about to buckle her he feels a stunning blow upon the back of the neck a blinding white tri p out blazes all about him with a sound like the shock of a cannon- then all is shabbiness and silence. (204). Rather than accepting his own fate, Peyton resists death by imagining an elaborate fantasy of an alternate fate. Ambrose Bierces incorporation of setting, point of view, and theme produces an illustrious short story for all readers. Bierce makes the story relatable to all humans in the fight to cheat death. Knowledge of the civil war gears the readers understanding behind the actions that are taking place. Third person point of view is an effective way to keep the reader scene and hanging on a limb.In an instant the whole story comes together, all the confusion, reality versus fantasy comes puddle in the last sentence, Peyton Farquhar was dead his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek Bridge (Bierce, 204). The reader finds out Peyton is dead at the very last second of the story in an instant Peyton gives in and los es his battle against death. Work Cited Bierce, Ambrose. An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge. Edgar V. Roberts. physical composition About Literature. Brief 11th ed. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall, 2006. 251

Effects of Eastern Religions Essay

Eastern moralitys and their unique belief systems ar transforming legion(predicate) social and religious thoughts into an assortment of representation for acquiring and developing innovative and contemporary spiritual growth. One of the more influential shifts in combine religious traditions into westward religious cultures whitethorn well be considered ritualistic coats, acceptance, and practicing of meditation.Freely borrowing the principles of east religious traditions allows an individual extended opportunity to open a connection with his or her chosen God, or Supreme Being, by developing positive emotions, and providing a mental calm air mean while establishing an tart mental strength within angiotensin-converting enzymeself. This practice of clearing the mind, projects an unfragmented focus into the inner self and superstars mental intuitiveness, enable a sharpness and keen ability to stimulate mental alertness, and rase suggesting the possibility for mental self-m end.With such(prenominal) widened expressions of religious flexibility, an remediated and more comprehensive understanding of diverse truths of belief systems ar capable of cosmos discovered. Additionally, through the use of multiple religious observances, one s apparatus bear witness to how such effects of Hinduism and Buddhisticic traditions of meditation, has transformed and enhanced traditional rituals in westbound religious cultures. purge medicinal benefits can be achieved through the use of advanced breathing techniques, energy practices, and other mental, and physical stimulus.The happening abbreviation will demonstrate the effects of how ancient beliefs and traditions shoot produced influences of varying proportions on western civilization. Many east religions play an important role in ripe medicine. In the past, western medicine has incorporated east medicine paralleling different sacred rituals. Many Eastern religions move over given birth to a medical ex amination practice of their own one such example includes Taoism. Taoism believes in studying nature and how man is altered by its healing effects.From this adherence to medicinal belief rose the practice of acupuncture, which consists of generating a flow of energy, and how those flows affect the body (Articles base, 2007). Acupuncture, a nonher form of medicinal equivalency, has before long attracted attention and notoriety world-wide. Those who have cognised this angiotensin converting enzyme have claimed that it leaves one with a feeling of exhilaration. A study conducted by the Stanford University School of Medicine, who promotes acupuncture as having medicinal value, supports its true worth by assisting with such anxieties and medical dilemmas as depression during maternity.According to Rachel Manber, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral science, supposed They hope the results will raise awareness of the problem of depression during pregnancy and provide patient s and physicians and alternative to antidepressants (Manber, 2010). As acupuncture has mystify popular among western cultures, other configurations of spiritual healing have surfaced, for example meditation and yoga. Through mediation, Siddhartha Gautama, otherwise known as Buddha, was the archetypal soul to experience in effect(p) spiritual enlightenment, primarily due to the deliberate techniques applied.Several ways that meditation can be performed come in everyday tasks such as reading, walking, swimming, and working out. From meditation we learn to observe the mavin in the body, which are certainly related to the mind (Fisher, 2003). Yoga is another practice that the spiritual seeker uses forthwith in meeting the goal to receive purity, wisdom, and peacefulness of mind (Fisher, 2003). The influence of Hinduism is apparent throughout western civilizations and societies. The effects that this has had on the lifestyle and beliefs of most modern Indian are clear.One of the ma in influences that have roots with Hinduism is in the practice of yoga. Yoga has get down extremely popular in the west in the determination several decades. Through deep breathing and mediation techniques, the exercise brings a deeper meaning within ones self. Yoga mediation is not a separate component, but rather a distinct application of meditation. Aside from relaxing and clearing ones thoughts, there is a popular belief that yoga is an all encompassing tool to become physically fit when in fact, this is hardly the case.Yoga meditation is a complete process to conclusion oneself. Hindu belief in practicing yoga is predestined to guide one to absolute, pure, and eternal bliss, so, allowing a somebody to become wise, wholesome, and peaceful. The practice is one of six schools of Hindu philosophy, in which, there can be found, 196 different sutras of yoga. separately one has different forms of attaining balance, purity, wisdom, and eventually spiritual enlightenment, the esse ntial goal. The first of many types of yoga begins with Raja Yoga.This form of yoga deals chiefly with the cleansing of the mind, and is designed to build, develop and sustain a strong mental state through correspond and purification. The way to maintain this state is to have superior health, mental, physical strength and stamina. Furthermore, yoga with such virtuous beliefs, may prove that a pure lifestyle will admirer in attaining this state of being. Some of the methods utilise are through abstaining from any influences that would detract from living a pure life such as intoxicant, while alike practicing celibacy.Another significant component of yoga is jnana yoga. jnana yoga cultivates four behaviors toward sink ining the development of spiritual deliverance. The first is viveka, the ability to understand what is definite and eternal, and what is temporary. Another element of jnana yoga is vairagya. This ritual is intended to acquire an ability to withdraw oneself from t hat which is temporary, therefore preparing for the eternal life. The third state of jnana is shad-sampat, in which a person is in full influence of his or her mind, a perfect state of concentration and calmness.The fourth state is mumukshutva, a condition that releases a person from his or her temporary state and allows savedom into the eternal state of being. Each of the four sections of Jnana is a preparation toward eternal bliss, and in the end, desiring to throw nirvana. An additional, more precise version of yoga, is Karma, a belief in actions. The meaning of Karma is to do and have done, seeking to have a person behave and act in way that brings one close set(predicate) to ones duty, which is to act in an unselfish manner, and to bring peace, calmness and tranquility, with every action one takes.The fourth type of yoga is Bhakti, an instrument of yoga that brings a person closer to God. at heart this Practice are nine principles that help a person achieve this state. Alt hough there are respective(a) types of yoga, they all parallel each other with the goal of helping to bring a person closer to a divine state with his or her God. Each of the diverse practices of yoga described is a part of modern India, and the influences from Hinduism are apparent in each one. The importance of yoga and Hinduism in India is a large part that is au and thentic by the society in accordance with the belief system.The following of Yoga is not only practiced in India, but has also brought the attention to many westerner civilizations. Yoga is not a religion, but more as a heart and soul of overcoming the hectic demands of family, work, and life. Practicing yoga gives mental balance as well as a means to optimize health and well being. The effects of yoga and meditation have been proven, and positive results in aiding and nurturing the treatment of breeding disabilities, nursing homes, and treatment of alcoholism, well documented.This rich culture of ancient Hinduis m has had many historical changes, challenges, and an influence is currently seen on a global scale. Zen Buddhism migrated to the United States well-nigh the 19th century. Since then, the religion has adapted to the western way of life, and has helped to evolve the religion. As Westerners themselves are taking strong interest in Buddhism, those who have self-aggrandizing up as Buddhist are reassessing their religion and finding in the altogether depths in it (Fisher, 2003, p. 182). Buddhist monasteries and retreats have emerged all throughout the United States.From the 19th century, Buddhism has helped many Americans learn to function as valued members in society by following the meditation and Zen teachings of the religion. Buddhism gained a foothold among a significant make sense of Western intellectuals and particularly during the 1960s and early 70s among young tidy sum seeking new forms of religious experience and expression (Britannica, p. 2 ). Although the religion thrive d during the 60s and 70s, the active Buddhist today is no long-life the young, warrant loving individuals seen in the past.Most modern day believers include parents, and families. Parents can bring their children to day care at the same time as the parents go to rooms to chant and meditate. As more Buddhist mediation centers make their homes in the suburbs, reflecting the spread of that ancient religion throughout the United States, many are adapting to American ways (Orr, 98, p. 2). Buddhists of today can go to retreats for weekend sessions or year long-hiatus. These retreats are not vacations because the religion is taken seriously among most practicing Americans.Some may credit Japanese scholar D. T Suzuki (1870-1966) for bringing Buddhism to the United States, although others say it was due in part to the Chinese conquest in Tibet around 1959. Either way, there are many temples that began construction by Tibetan monks that came to the United States for refuge. A number of the highest Tibetan lamas, forced out of Tibet, have established spiritual communities in the United States, complete with altars full of sacred Tibetan artifacts (Fisher, 2003 p. 178). However, along with the sacred artifacts come some differences.Most Buddhist temples do not have weekly serve, but in the US, services are typically held on Sundays. A Buddhist service is normally performed in the Japanese or Chinese language, but in the US the services are predominately conducted in English. The leaders of the US temples still follow the traditional teachings, but customize it to reach out to more people in the United States. In modern day communist China, religion is viewed lots differently from most places in society today. Shortly after becoming a communist state, many religions, religious practices, and texts were destroyed and suppressed.In fact, most Taoism and Buddhism temples and texts were destroyed in China during the 1960s and 70s (Fisher, 2003). Since then China has become more westernized and recently have adopted a free market prudence changing much of Chinas communist ways including some religious ideals. China has even declared Taoism and Buddhist temples as historical sites and promotes building of new temples. Although this move by the government was do to promote tourism alone (Fisher, 2003). Religion today is still kept in hiding and many traditions are discouraged.Any new religion is seen as a treat to the state and is quickly suppressed, sometimes violently. After communist China titled Confucianism as an old way and discarded it from society, parts of Confucianism are now being re-introduced game into everyday life. China was once known as one of the safest, abominable free countries in the world (Fisher, 2003). From the time when China opened its doors to the western society and to a free market, criminal activities began to rise. No longer were communist ideals keeping people from committing such crimes.The government therefore, bega n to bring back teachings of Confucianism to schools and society for morale and ethical purposes, to help control such criminal behaviors. The teachings of being the best person possible and the best person to society, teachings of social harmony, and a personal sense of the meaning of life started to become very popular among communist Chinese society. China has even tried to fuse both the ideas of capitalist economy and Confucian together to make a Capitalist Confucianism (Fisher, 2003). Of course, even events such as recognizing Confusions birthday was re-introduced for economic reasons.The government does keep all religious aspects of Confucianism at bay, along with the idea of free thought. Though, many intellectuals and scholars are trying to fight for freedom of thought. They argue free thought would help improve the economy even more at this time while there is a free market. Even religious practices such as meditation are starting to make a comeback in modern day communist China. Meditation is seen as a spiritual practice for people who follow Taoism and Buddhism in China and also seen as a practice to relieve stress and to relax much like it is seen in western society for others.Since 1995 there have been many experiments on the benefits of meditation in China. Particularly types of meditation known as integrative bodymind training (IBMT) created in the mid-nineties have been the focus of these studies. IBMT is a type of meditation that teaches a person about a state of calm and focus without the spiritual side of meditation. This type of meditation is said to improve emotional and cognitive performance and social behavior (Posner, 2007).Recent studies have proven that IBMT not only helps improve ones focus and performance, but also helps a person deal with stress, tension, anger, depression, and fatigue. It also improved those peoples energy levels and made those same people have a more positive sentry on a day-to-day basis. This all come from just a five day course, dickens hours a day, of IBMT group practices. So meditation in Chinese culture is not only seen to help benefit ones mental part of life, but also helps make a person become a better person too him or herself and society both mentally and physically.With the resonant effects of eastern religion throughout the western world, social and political lives have been influenced in a variety of ways. A general open-mindness for allowing more opportunities for spiritual growth is becoming an ever-changing cause for overcoming likewise rational and extreme traditions of the many religious belief systems in existence today. The availability of technology has also become instrumental in exploration of other belief systems, therefore making them within easier reach for adaptation, offering combined religious values and rituals into one belief system.With such ease of exploration, courtesy of the profits and widespread mobility, the range of information can enable seekers to learn about other religious traditions, therefore providing diverse individual religious expression (Guarino, 2009). Some Christian leaders however, worry that there may an increase in distractions from worshiping their true path of faith, therefore diluting Christian doctrines. Regardless of ancestral belief systems or modern paradigm paralysis, the mixtures of religions and cultures will continue the spread into western civilizations and societies

Organic Lab 7

Amanda Jornd Experiment 7- Synthesis and Reactivity of tert-Butyl Chloride Via an SN1 Reaction Introduction/Background alkyl group halides are compounds in which a halogen atom replaces a hydrogen atom of an alkane. Alkyl halides are classified advertisement as primary, secondary or third depending on the number of alkyl substituents directly attached to the vitamin C attached to the halogen atom. The purpose of this lab was to properly prepare t-butyl chloride from t-butyl- alcohol in a concentrated hydrochloric acid.The reaction occurs through a nucleophilic substitution, which is when a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in the substrate. In this lab, the hydroxyl group of t-butyl alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. The reaction proceeds through an SN1 mechanism (Weldegirma 38-41). A nucleophile is any neutral or uncharged molecule with an unshared pair of electrons. In the substitution reaction, the nucleophile donates an electron pair to the substrate, leading to th e institution of a new bond to the nucleophile, while breaking the existing bond to the leaving group (Solomons and Fryhle 99-102).The ii qualitys of nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2, are identified based on whether the different steps occur simultaneously (SN1) or in two separate steps (SN2). To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Also, the nature of the solvent poop affect which substitution reaction will occur. Polar protic solvents typically favor SN1 reactions. This is because the SN1 mechanism is carried surface in two steps and the polar protic solvent produces both a cation and an anion which are capable of stabilizing the charges on the ions organize during the reaction.Because an SN2 reaction occurs in one step, this is unfavorable however, the SN2 reactions tend to favor polar aprotic solvents. A nonher performer affecting the type of substitution reaction is the nature of the leaving group. Since the S N1 reactions occur in one step, they broadly require an excellent leaving group and wont typically run with a unfortunate leaving group. The SN2 reaction also favors excellent leaving groups but can run with any type of leaving group because it is run in two different steps. To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Weldegirma 38-41). appliance of the preparation of tert-butyl chloride Possible side reaction during the preparation of tert-butyl chloride Experimental Section/Flow Chart composition 1 60mL separatory funnel shape + cooled 15mL of concentrated HCl to 0? C + added 15mL of HCl to separatory funnel + added 5mL tert-butyl alcohol +swirled it without the secure for 20 proceedings + permit stand until two distinct layers were form + drained lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and relieve just incase Organic spirit level- in separatory funnel +added 30mL of DI water + swirled for a few legal proceeding let stand until two dis tinct layers formed + move off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and saved just incase Organic Layer- in separatory Funnel + added 15mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate + shook with s swipeper with venting + let stand for a few proceeding until two distinct layers formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer- in separatory funnel + added 15mL of water + swirled for a couple minutes + let stand until two distinct layers have formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer transferred product layer into clean/dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask + added 1. 5 grams of anhydrous atomic number 20 chloride to dry the product +decanted into round bottom flask + added 6 boiling stones + ran through a fair distillation Tert-Butyl Chloride Part 2- strain render 1- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from incite 1 + added 1mL of NaI + shook while property top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, and so forth Negative Result Test Tube 2- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from part 1 + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shook while holding top of test tube with finger recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube 3- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of NaI + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube 4- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Negative Result dishearten of Chemicals carry over of Chemicals 1 Table of Chemicals 1 Chemical Name- Physical Properties- Chemical Properties- Tert-Butyl Alcohol- M. P. -25-26 ? CB. P. 82-83? CMolecular Weight- 74. 2 g/molWater Solubility- miscible Combustible- noFlammable- yes Hydrochloric Acid- M. P. -114? CB. P. -85. 05? CMolecular Weight-36. 4 g/mol Combustible- yesFlammable- no atomic number 11 bicarbonate-(Chembook) (Chembook) M. P. 50? CB. P. 851? CMolecul ar Weight- 84 g/molWater Solubility- 9 g/ 100mL Combustible- noFlammable-no Table of Chemicals 2 Table of Chemicals 2 Tert-butyl chloride- M. P. -26? CB. P. 51? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- sparingly Combustible- noFlammable-yes Anhydrous calcium chloride- M. P. 772? CB. P. 1935?CMolecular Weight- 110. 98 g/molWater Solubility- 74. 5 g/ 100mL Combustible- yes/ slightlyFlammable- no Silver nitrate- M. P. 212? CB. P. 444? CMolecular Weight- 169. 87 g/molWater Solubility- 122 g/100mL Combustible- noFlammable- no Sodium iodide-(Chembook) (Chembook) M. P. 661? CB. P. 1304? CMolecular Weight- 149. 89 g/molWater Solubility- 178. 8 g / 100mL Combustible- noFlammable- no Table of Chemicals 3 Table of Chemicals 3 1-chlorobutane- (Chembook) (Chembook) M. P. -123? CB. P. 78? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- . g/L Combustible- YesFlammable-Yes Results Percent Yield- t-butyl alcohol Density = Mass/Volume M= . 842 x 5 = 4. 21 grams Mass/ M. W. = m oles 4. 21 g / 74. 12 g/mol = . 0568 moles of t-butyl alcohol t-butyl chloride Density = Mass / Volume M= . 397 x 2 = . 794 grams mass / M. W. = moles . 794 g / 92. 57 g/mol = . 00858 moles of t-butyl chloride Because of a 11 ratio wherefore you can use actual / theoretical x 100 . 00858 moles / . 0568 moles x 100 = 15. 105 % Results Table 1 Results Table 1 contort Precipitate appearance Time of settle After warm water (50?C) bath Positive or Negative Result Test Tube 1- T-butyl chloride & NaI Clear/ faint tint of yellow No precipitate Over 6 minutes and still no precipitate Nothing occurred later 6 minutes in the steam bath Negative Result Test Tube 2- T-butyl chloride & AgNO3 Cloudy and white Yes, puny solid particles . 8 seconds N/A Positive Result Test Tube 3- t-chloro butane & NaI Slightly marshy with initial drop but quickly turned clear No precipitate after 6 minutes 6 minutes RT, for steam bath 4 minutes 58 seconds Yellow dissolvent as well as white precipita te on bottom formed. Positive Result Test Tube 4- t-chloro butane & AgNO3 Clear colorless liquid No precipitate 6 minutes RT, 6 minutes steam bath No precipitate Negative Result Discussion Throughout this lab, the main finish was to properly create a t-butyl chloride. In order to test if we properly received our product we tested the sample with two different solvents, a solvent of sodium iodide and ash gray nitrate. If an alkyl halide is a tertiary one, it can easily react with a solvent of fluent nitrate to generate a comparatively stable tertiary carbocation through an SN1 reaction.If an alkyl halide is a primary one, it can then react with iodide ions in the sodium iodide solvent by an SN2 mechanism showing a precipitate of insoluble sodium chloride. raise up can also be used in this cover to speed up the reaction (Weldegirma 38-41). The depression test we ran was t-butyl chloride and sodium iodine. After mixing the two compounds, there was only a slight tint to the liquid but remained clear and precipitate free for 6 minutes of being room temperature. We then placed it in a warm water in which there was no precipitate that formed while being heated.This test yielded a forbid result. The second test that we ran was t-butyl chloride and silver nitrate. Directly after mixing the compounds, there was an immediate white precipitate that had formed. This test yielded a positive result. A negative result with sodium iodide and a positive result of silver nitrate concluded that our solution of t-butyl chloride was a pure tertiary alkyl halide. Our third test was run with t-chloro butane and sodium iodide. This test initially did not form a precipitate while it was kept at room temperature.We then used a warm water bath in which after 5 minutes the solution formed a white precipitate and a yellow liquid. This shows that this test was a positive test. The fourth test was with t-chloro butane and silver nitrate. This test did not form a precipitate at room te mperature or during the steam bath. This shows a negative result. With the t-chloro butane, the negative result with silver nitrate and the positive result of sodium iodide prove that this is and then a primary alkyl halide. ConclusionIn this lab, we properly carried out an SN1 reaction from t-butyl alcohol to t-butyl chloride and tack together that we did in fact create a t-butyl chloride by getting a positive result from our silver nitrate test in the end. Although we werent able to visibly see with our eye the nucleophilic attack, the steps that we carried out in the lab showed the separated layers and that there were reactions going on during each step. The organic layer that was interminably washed was undergoing the slow reaction process during each separating stage.In the end, after the distillation of the solution, the SN1 reaction was completely carried out. The teaching from this data has revealed that it is possible to carry out an SN1 reaction in a lab however, in the process of washing the product there will be a lot of material lost braggy a low percent yield in the end. It would be smart to use chemicals that are bum and in large quantities to carry out these types of reactions. The information and techniques performed in this lab could be applied to otherwise situations in an industrial setting.One example of this could be creating chlorofluorocarbons which used to be produced for aerosol cans and other products. Although these are no longer widely used in the world due to ozone effect, the SN1 reaction could be done with these chemicals. Overall, the lab accomplished what it was set out to do. References Chemical Book. 2008.